Who is Allah ? By Abu Iman Abd ar-Rahman Robert Squires. © Muslim Answers Some of the biggest misconceptions that many
non-Muslims have about Islam have to do with the word "Allah". For
various reasons, many people have come to believe that Muslims worship a different God
than Christians and Jews. This is totally false, since "Allah" is simply
the Arabic word for "God" - and there is only One God. Let there be no
doubt - Muslims worship the God of Noah, Abraham, Moses, David and Jesus - peace be upon
them all. However, it is certainly true that Jews, Christians and Muslims all have
different concepts of Almighty God. For example, Muslims - like Jews - reject the
Christian beliefs of the Trinity and the Divine Incarnation. This, however, doesn't mean
that each of these three religions worships a different God - because, as we have
already said, there is only One True God. Judaism, Christianity and Islam all claim to be "Abrahamic
Faiths", and all of them are also classified as "monotheistic".
However, Islam teaches that other religions have, in one way or another, distorted and
nullified a pure and proper belief in Almighty God by neglecting His true teachings and
mixing them with man-made ideas.
First of all, it is important to note that "Allah"
is the same word that Arabic-speaking Christians and Jews use for God. If you pick up an
Arabic Bible, you will see the word "Allah" being used where "God"
is used in English.
This is because "Allah" is the only word in the Arabic language
equivalent to the English word "God" with a capital "G".
Additionally, the word "Allah" cannot be made plural or given gender
(i.e. masculine or feminine), which goes hand-in-hand with the Islamic concept of God.
Because of this, and also because the Qur'an, which is the holy scripture of Muslims, was
revealed in the Arabic language, some Muslims use the word "Allah" for "God",
even when they are speaking other languages. This is not unique to the word "Allah",
since many Muslims tend to use Arabic words when discussing Islamic issues, regardless of
the language which they speak. This is because the universal teachings of Islam -
even though they have been translated in every major language - have been preserved
in the Arabic language. It is interesting to note that the Aramaic word "El",
which is the word for God in the language that Jesus spoke, is certainly more similar in
sound to the word "Allah" than the English word "God".
This also holds true for the various Hebrew words for God, which are "El"
and "Elah", and the plural form "Elohim". The reason for
these similarities is that Aramaic, Hebrew and Arabic are all Semitic languages with
common origins. It should also be noted that in translating the Bible into English, the
Hebrew word "El" is translated variously as "God", "god"
and "angel"! This imprecise language allows different translators, based
on their preconceived notions, to translate the word to fit their own views. The Arabic
word "Allah" presents no such difficulty or ambiguity, since it is only
used for Almighty God alone. Additionally, in English, the only difference between "god",
meaning a false god, and "God", meaning the One True God, is the capital "G".
In the Arabic alphabet, since it does not have capital letters, the word for God (i.e. Allah)
is formed by adding the equivalent to the English word "the" (Al-)
to the Arabic word for "god/God" (ilah). So the Arabic word "Allah"
literally it means "The God" - the "Al-" in Arabic
basically serving the same function as the capital "G" in English. Due to
the above mentioned facts, a more accurate translation of the word "Allah"
into English might be "The One -and-Only God" or "The One True
God". More importantly, it should also be noted that the Arabic word "Allah"
contains a deep religious message due to its root meaning and origin. This is because it
stems from the Arabic verb ta'allaha (or alaha), which means "to be
worshipped". Thus in Arabic, the word "Allah" means "The
One who deserves all worship". This, in a nutshell, is the Pure Monotheistic
message of Islam. You see, according to Islam, "monotheism" is much more
than simply believing in the existence of "only One God" - as
seemingly opposed to two, three or more. If one understands the root meaning of the word "Allah",
this point should become clear. One should understand that Islam's criticism of the other
religions that claim to be "monotheistic" is not because they are "polytheistic"
in the classic sense, but because they direct various forms of worship to other
than Almighty God. We will discuss the meaning of worship in Islam below, however, before
moving on it should be noted that many non-Muslims are unaware of the distinction between
simply believing in the existence of only One God and reserving all worship
for Him alone. Many Christians are painfully unaware of this point, and thus you often
find them asking how Muslims can accuse the followers of Jesus, peace be upon him, of
being "polytheists" when they were all "monotheistic Jews".
First of all, it should be clarified that the word "polytheist" doesn't
really sound right in this context, since to many it implies simply believing in the existence
of more than one God. So in an Islamic context, "associators", "man-worshippers"
or "creature worshippers" might be more accurate and appropriate terms -
especially since Christians believe Jesus to be both "100% God and 100% man",
while still paying lip-service to God's "Oneness". However, as we're
previously touched upon, what is really at the root of this problem is the fact that
Christians - as well as the members of other religions - don't really know what "monotheism"
means - especially in the Islamic sense. All of the books, articles and papers that I've
read which were written by Christians invariably limit "monotheism" to
believing in the existence of "One Sovereign and Creator God".
Islam, however, teaches much more than this. Suffice it to say that just because someone claims to be a "monotheistic"
Jew, Christian or Muslim, that doesn't keep them from falling into corrupt beliefs and
idolatrous practices. Many people, including some Muslims, claim belief in "One
God" even though they've fallen into acts of idolatry. Certainly, many
Protestants accuse Roman Catholics of idolatrous practices in regards to the saints and
the Virgin Mary. Likewise, the Greek Orthodox Church is considered "idolatrous"
by many other Christians because in much of their worship they use icons. However, if you
ask a Roman Catholic or a Greek Orthodox person if God is "One", they
will invariably answer: "Yes!". This lip-service, however, does not stop
them from being "creature worshipping" idolaters. The same goes for
Hindus, who just consider their gods to be "manifestations" or "incarnations"
of the One Supreme God. Everyone should be aware of the fact that throughout the long
history of the "Abrahamic Faiths", there have people who, while believing
in "One God", have adopted beliefs and practices that completely nullify
their claim to "monotheism". This is the Muslim view of Christians. We're
well aware of the fact that they claim belief in "One God" with their
lips, but this doesn't mean that they don't nullify their claim in other ways. This is
because many people simply haven't been taught everything that Pure Monotheism entails.
From an Islamic point of view, "monotheism" can be nullified in many
ways. For example, simply believing that it is permissible to rule by Western "liberal"
and "democratic" laws in lieu of the Divinely Revealed Law of Almighty
God makes one a "polytheist". Certainly, a person who does such a thing,
whether Jewish, Christian or Muslim, doesn't ever believe that there is another Almighty
Creator and Sovereign Lord. However, for all practical purposes, such a person has take
another "god", whether they choose to admit it or not. In this way they
are associating partners with Almighty God (Arabic: shirk), and thus become a "polytheist"
in a practical sense, regardless of their lip-service to "monotheism".
This holds true even if the person doesn't believe what they are doing is "worship".
For example, Roman Catholics who pray to the Virgin Mary will staunchly deny that they are
"worshipping" her. They instead call it "adoration" or
some other watered-down term. However, from an Islamic point of view, what is worship if
not this? Islam teaches that prayer and supplication are the marrow of worship, so if one
directs their prayers to an intermediary (even if the pray is "ultimately"
meant for God), then what is left of worship? Additionally, how can someone who believes
in Almighty God follow man-made laws instead of God's Law, without admitting that they've
begun worshipping other than God? Do they know better than God? Additionally, the Old Testament makes it perfectly clear that
making a "graven image" of any created thing (not to mention ones which
are supposed to "represent" Almighty God) is prohibited. Please see
Exodus 20:4-6, Leviticus 26:1 and Deuteronomy 4:16, 23, 25, 5:8 and Nehemiah 9:6 for some
statements in regards to this point. Without addressing the issue that Christians commonly
violate the unambiguous commandment not to even "make" representations of
anything that is in the "heavens above or on the earth beneath", these
verses not only teach that worshipping idols is prohibited, but also that Almighty God is
eternally distinct from His creation and thus nothing in His creation can represent
Him. To believe otherwise is to be a de facto idol worshipper - even if one claims
belief in one, and only one, "True God". In Exodus 20:4-6 and Deuteronomy
4:16, Almighty God - who is a "Jealous God" - makes it perfectly clear
that He is distinct from His creation. By giving such clear and merciful guidance to human beings, God is
establishing a universal and eternal Truth for the benefit of mankind. This eternal Truth
is the bedrock of religious guidance, since once people begin to believe that Almighty God
mixes with or can be represented by His creation, they can be duped into believing almost
anything. Once someone accepts that God has become "incarnate" in His
creation, or that someone or something is a "manifestation" - and thus
representation - of Him, the floodgates are open and "Truth" becomes a
matter of subjective guesswork. Once the first and most basic concept is violated -
regardless of how complicated and sophisticated the rationale for it might be - it is very
easy to fall further and further away from the Eternal Truth of Pure Monotheism. In the
final analysis, it is not a question of whether God is capable of becoming a man, but
rather a question of whether one bases their beliefs about God on clear, unambiguous and
authentic guidance. Once it is left up to the human mind to decide what Almighty God can
and cannot do, the stage is set for misguidance to take root. Human speculation about God
only ends up leading to misguidance and despair, since no clear conclusions can ever be
reached. For example, is God capable of creating an object so heavy that He is incapable
of moving it? If not, does that mean that He is incapable? It is because of misguided
questions like this that Islam clearly teaches that mankind should only say about God what
He has said about Himself. This means all of our ideas about God must be based on
Revelation - not human speculation. In short, the final prophet of Islam - Muhammad
- was sent by Almighty God to preach the same Pure Monotheism that was practiced by Noah,
Abraham, Moses, David and Jesus - peace be upon them all. This Pure Monotheism means not
only believing that there is only One God in existence, but realizing that He is
transcedent above His creation and that all worship is due to Him alone. Before concluding, we should probably address the practice of
those Muslims who insist on using the Arabic word "Allah" even
when speaking English. Even though this practice certainly is not to be condemned
when it is done around those who understand the meaning of the Arabic word "Allah",
it is my experience - both during my years as a non-Muslim and my years as a Muslim - that
such a practice can (and usually does) breed misunderstanding. It seems that often times,
many of the Muslims who use the word "Allah" in lieu of the word "God",
even when trying to attract people to Islam, are unaware of the severe
misunderstandings that many non-Muslims have about Islam (and the distorted way which
Islam has been portrayed in the West). Insisting on using the word "Allah"
only fuels the flames of misunderstanding - so there's no good reason to do it. I've often
wondered what value some Muslims think that using the word "Allah"
adds to the Pure Message that they are trying to convey. ( . . . and I'm still waiting for
an answer!) Unfortunately, those Muslims who insist on using the word "Allah"
even when addressing non-Muslims who are unfamiliar with Islam and the Arabic language, do
both a disservice to themselves and their religion. Unfortunately, this practice is
usually based on the false assumption - by a non-native speaker of English - that the word
"God" in English is incapable of expressing a pure and proper belief in
Almighty God. This is certainly false. If someone says that the English word "God"
cannot be used to express the Pure Islamic Belief in Tawhid, they are wrong not
because they don't understand Tawhid, but simply because they don't understand the
English language. Many people who insist on using the Arabic word "Allah"
usually don't realize this, because in reality, they are not so much affirming the word "Allah"
as they are rejecting the word "God" as unsuitable - based on incorrect
assumptions. For someone to assume that the word "God" presupposes a
certain theological point-of-view (such as the Trinity) is simply Wrong - and that's Wrong
with a capital "W". To say the word "God" should be rejected
because it can be changed into "god", "gods" or "goddess"
is illogical because each of these words has a distinctive meaning and a distinctive
spelling - at least to someone who knows how to speak English correctly. Using the
same logic, I can demonstrate that the root letters "ktb" can be used to
form the Arabic words "kitab" (book), "maktabah"
(library), "maktab" (office) and "kaatib" (writer), but
does that mean that these words have the same meaning? Do Arabic-speaking people go
through life confusing libraries with writers and offices with books (both in conversation
and in reality)? I think not! This is not to mention the fact that if the Arabic "Al-"
was put in front of these words in order to make them definite, confusion would be even
less likely! So the logic in both cases is the same, and this is because even though the
same letters are used in "God" and "god", these two
words have two different meanings in the English language. The capital "G"
implies something different than the small "g" - and anyone who denies
this simply doesn't know how to speak the English language. In concluding this point, it should be mentioned that
Arabic-speaking Muslims who believe in Pure Tawhid, Arabic-speaking Christians, the
idol worshippers of Mecca and (so-called) Muslims who believe in "Wahdat
al-Wujud" all use the word "Allah". However, does this guarantee
all of them proper belief in "Allah"? Certainly not, because if they have
a corrupt concept of "Allah" it doesn't matter what word they use! This brings us to a more important point: It should be clearly
understood that what Islam is primarily concerned with is correcting mankind's concept
of Almighty God. What we are ultimately going to be held accountable at the end of our
life is not whether we prefer the word "Allah" over the word "God",
but what our concept of God is. Language is only a side issue. A person can have an
incorrect concept of God while using the word "Allah", and likewise a
person can have a correct concept of God while using the word "God". This
is because both of these words are equally capable of being misused and being improperly
defined. As we've already mentioned, using the word "Allah" no more
insinuates belief in the Unity of God than the use of the word "God"
insinuates belief in the Trinity - or any other theological opinion. Naturally, when God
sends a revelation to mankind through a prophet, He is going to send it in a language that
the people who receive it can understand and relate to. Almighty God makes this clear in
the Qur'an, when He states: As Muslims, we think that it is unfortunate that we have to go
into details on such seemingly minor issues, but so many falsehoods have been heaped upon
our religion, that we feel that it is our duty to try to break down the barriers of
falsehood. This isn't always easy, since there is a lot of anti-Islamic literature in
existence which tries to make Islam look like something strange and foreign to Westerners.
There are some people out there, who are obviously not on the side of truth, that want to
get people to believe that "Allah" is just some Arabian "god",
and that Islam is completely "other" - meaning that it has no common
roots with the other Abrahamic religions (i.e. Christianity and Judaism). To say
that Muslims worship a different "God" because they say "Allah"
is just as illogical as saying that French people worship another God because they use the
word "Dieu", that Spanish-speaking people worship a different God because
they say "Dios" or that the Hebrews worshipped a different God because
they sometimes call Him "Yahweh". Certainly, reasoning like this is quite
ridiculous! It should also be mentioned, that claiming that any one language uses the only
the correct word for God is tantamount to denying the universality of God's message to
mankind, which was to all nations, tribes and people through various prophets who spoke
different languages. Before closing, we would like everyone to be aware of the fact
that some Christian missionary organizations print English literature intended to teach
Christians about Islam which say such things as: "Allah is the god of the
Muslims" and that "Muhammad came to get people to believe in the god
Allah" - implying that "Allah" is some sort of false "god".
However, when these same organizations print literature in the Arabic language, hoping to
lead Arabic-speaking Muslims "to Christ", they use the word "Allah"
for God. It seems that if they were on the side of truth, they would not have to resort to
such inconsistencies. And on an even more ridiculous note . . . there are also
missionary organizations that exceed this in ignorance (or deceit) by writing books that
call on Muslims to give up their belief in "Allah", and instead worship
the "Lord" Jesus, "the Son of God". Besides making it
abundantly clear that they are outside the community of Pure Monotheism, the people who
write such material don't even realize that if they wrote such a pamphlet in Arabic, it
would be self-contradictory. This is because in an Arabic Bible Jesus is the "Son
of Allah"! If an Arabic-speaking person gave up the worship of "Allah",
they would have no God to worship, since "Allah" is simply the Arabic
word for God! Before we conclude, however, we would like to ask our readers to
ask themselves what they think the reasons are behind all of these lies? If Islam was just
some false religion that didn't make any sense, would so many people, from Western
scholars to Christian missionaries, have to tell so many lies about it? The reason is that
the Ultimate Truth of Islam stands on solid ground and its unshakable belief in the Unity
of God is above reproach. Due to this, Christians can't criticize its doctrines directly,
but instead make up things about Islam that aren't true so that people lose the desire to
learn more. If Muslims were able to present Islam in the proper way to people in the West,
it surely might make many people reconsider and re-evaluate their own beliefs. It is quite
likely that Christians, when they find out that there is a universal religion in the world
that teaches people to worship and love God, while also practicing Pure Monotheism, would
at least feel that they should re-examine the basis for their own beliefs and doctrines. |